Rechunking

Rechunking#

This example uses Xarray to rechunk a dataset.

Install the package pre-requisites by running the following:

pip install cubed cubed-xarray xarray pooch netCDF4

Open dataset#

Start by importing Xarray - note that we don’t need to import Cubed or cubed-xarray, since they will be picked up automatically.

import xarray as xr

xr.set_options(display_expand_attrs=False);

We open an Xarray dataset (in netCDF format) using the usual open_dataset function. By specifying chunks={} we ensure that the dataset is chunked using the on-disk chunking (here it is the netCDF file chunking). The chunked_array_type argument specifies which chunked array type to use - Cubed in this case.

ds = xr.tutorial.open_dataset(
    "air_temperature", chunked_array_type="cubed", chunks={}
)

The air data variable is a cubed.Array, and we can see that this small dataset has a single on-disk chunk.

ds["air"]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ModuleNotFoundError                       Traceback (most recent call last)
File /opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.12.12/x64/lib/python3.12/site-packages/IPython/core/formatters.py:406, in BaseFormatter.__call__(self, obj)
    404     method = get_real_method(obj, self.print_method)
    405     if method is not None:
--> 406         return method()
    407     return None
    408 else:

File /opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.12.12/x64/lib/python3.12/site-packages/xarray/core/common.py:189, in AbstractArray._repr_html_(self)
    187 if OPTIONS["display_style"] == "text":
    188     return f"<pre>{escape(repr(self))}</pre>"
--> 189 return formatting_html.array_repr(self)

File /opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.12.12/x64/lib/python3.12/site-packages/xarray/core/formatting_html.py:339, in array_repr(arr)
    331 arr_name = escape(repr(arr.name)) if getattr(arr, "name", None) else ""
    333 header_components = [
    334     f"<div class='xr-obj-type'>{obj_type}</div>",
    335     f"<div class='xr-obj-name'>{arr_name}</div>",
    336     format_dims(dims, indexed_dims),
    337 ]
--> 339 sections = [array_section(arr)]
    341 if hasattr(arr, "coords"):
    342     if arr.coords:

File /opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.12.12/x64/lib/python3.12/site-packages/xarray/core/formatting_html.py:249, in array_section(obj)
    247 variable = getattr(obj, "variable", obj)
    248 preview = escape(inline_variable_array_repr(variable, max_width=70))
--> 249 data_repr = short_data_repr_html(obj)
    250 data_icon = _icon("icon-database")
    252 return (
    253     "<div class='xr-array-wrap'>"
    254     f"<input id='{data_id}' class='xr-array-in' type='checkbox' {collapsed}>"
   (...)    258     "</div>"
    259 )

File /opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.12.12/x64/lib/python3.12/site-packages/xarray/core/formatting_html.py:43, in short_data_repr_html(array)
     41 internal_data = getattr(array, "variable", array)._data
     42 if hasattr(internal_data, "_repr_html_"):
---> 43     return internal_data._repr_html_()
     44 text = escape(short_data_repr(array))
     45 return f"<pre>{text}</pre>"

File /opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.12.12/x64/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cubed/array_api/array_object.py:50, in Array._repr_html_(self)
     49 def _repr_html_(self):
---> 50     from cubed.diagnostics.widgets import get_template
     52     try:
     53         grid = self.to_svg(size=ARRAY_SVG_SIZE)

File /opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.12.12/x64/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cubed/diagnostics/__init__.py:1
----> 1 from .rich import RichProgressBar as ProgressBar
      3 __all__ = ["ProgressBar"]

File /opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.12.12/x64/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cubed/diagnostics/rich.py:6
      3 import time
      4 from contextlib import contextmanager
----> 6 from rich.console import RenderableType
      7 from rich.progress import (
      8     BarColumn,
      9     MofNCompleteColumn,
   (...)     15     TimeElapsedColumn,
     16 )
     17 from rich.text import Text

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'rich'
<xarray.DataArray 'air' (time: 2920, lat: 25, lon: 53)> Size: 31MB
cubed.Array<array-003, shape=(2920, 25, 53), dtype=float64, chunks=((2920,), (25,), (53,))>
Coordinates:
  * time     (time) datetime64[ns] 23kB 2013-01-01 ... 2014-12-31T18:00:00
  * lat      (lat) float32 100B 75.0 72.5 70.0 67.5 65.0 ... 22.5 20.0 17.5 15.0
  * lon      (lon) float32 212B 200.0 202.5 205.0 207.5 ... 325.0 327.5 330.0
Attributes: (11)

Rechunk#

To change the chunking we use Xarray’s chunk function:

rds = ds.chunk({'time':1}, chunked_array_type="cubed")

Looking at the air data variable again, we can see that it is now chunked along the time dimension.

rds["air"]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ModuleNotFoundError                       Traceback (most recent call last)
File /opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.12.12/x64/lib/python3.12/site-packages/IPython/core/formatters.py:406, in BaseFormatter.__call__(self, obj)
    404     method = get_real_method(obj, self.print_method)
    405     if method is not None:
--> 406         return method()
    407     return None
    408 else:

File /opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.12.12/x64/lib/python3.12/site-packages/xarray/core/common.py:189, in AbstractArray._repr_html_(self)
    187 if OPTIONS["display_style"] == "text":
    188     return f"<pre>{escape(repr(self))}</pre>"
--> 189 return formatting_html.array_repr(self)

File /opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.12.12/x64/lib/python3.12/site-packages/xarray/core/formatting_html.py:339, in array_repr(arr)
    331 arr_name = escape(repr(arr.name)) if getattr(arr, "name", None) else ""
    333 header_components = [
    334     f"<div class='xr-obj-type'>{obj_type}</div>",
    335     f"<div class='xr-obj-name'>{arr_name}</div>",
    336     format_dims(dims, indexed_dims),
    337 ]
--> 339 sections = [array_section(arr)]
    341 if hasattr(arr, "coords"):
    342     if arr.coords:

File /opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.12.12/x64/lib/python3.12/site-packages/xarray/core/formatting_html.py:249, in array_section(obj)
    247 variable = getattr(obj, "variable", obj)
    248 preview = escape(inline_variable_array_repr(variable, max_width=70))
--> 249 data_repr = short_data_repr_html(obj)
    250 data_icon = _icon("icon-database")
    252 return (
    253     "<div class='xr-array-wrap'>"
    254     f"<input id='{data_id}' class='xr-array-in' type='checkbox' {collapsed}>"
   (...)    258     "</div>"
    259 )

File /opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.12.12/x64/lib/python3.12/site-packages/xarray/core/formatting_html.py:43, in short_data_repr_html(array)
     41 internal_data = getattr(array, "variable", array)._data
     42 if hasattr(internal_data, "_repr_html_"):
---> 43     return internal_data._repr_html_()
     44 text = escape(short_data_repr(array))
     45 return f"<pre>{text}</pre>"

File /opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.12.12/x64/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cubed/array_api/array_object.py:50, in Array._repr_html_(self)
     49 def _repr_html_(self):
---> 50     from cubed.diagnostics.widgets import get_template
     52     try:
     53         grid = self.to_svg(size=ARRAY_SVG_SIZE)

File /opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.12.12/x64/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cubed/diagnostics/__init__.py:1
----> 1 from .rich import RichProgressBar as ProgressBar
      3 __all__ = ["ProgressBar"]

File /opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.12.12/x64/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cubed/diagnostics/rich.py:6
      3 import time
      4 from contextlib import contextmanager
----> 6 from rich.console import RenderableType
      7 from rich.progress import (
      8     BarColumn,
      9     MofNCompleteColumn,
   (...)     15     TimeElapsedColumn,
     16 )
     17 from rich.text import Text

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'rich'
<xarray.DataArray 'air' (time: 2920, lat: 25, lon: 53)> Size: 31MB
cubed.Array<array-005, shape=(2920, 25, 53), dtype=float64, chunks=((1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 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Coordinates:
  * time     (time) datetime64[ns] 23kB 2013-01-01 ... 2014-12-31T18:00:00
  * lat      (lat) float32 100B 75.0 72.5 70.0 67.5 65.0 ... 22.5 20.0 17.5 15.0
  * lon      (lon) float32 212B 200.0 202.5 205.0 207.5 ... 325.0 327.5 330.0
Attributes: (11)

Save to Zarr#

Since Cubed has a lazy computation model, the data has not been loaded from disk yet. We can save a copy of the rechunked dataset by calling to_zarr:

rds.to_zarr("rechunked_air_temperature.zarr", mode="w", consolidated=True);
/tmp/ipykernel_2342/973971337.py:1: SerializationWarning: saving variable None with floating point data as an integer dtype without any _FillValue to use for NaNs
  rds.to_zarr("rechunked_air_temperature.zarr", mode="w", consolidated=True);
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.12.12/x64/lib/python3.12/site-packages/zarr/api/asynchronous.py:247: ZarrUserWarning: Consolidated metadata is currently not part in the Zarr format 3 specification. It may not be supported by other zarr implementations and may change in the future.
  warnings.warn(

This will run a computation that loads the input data and writes it out to a Zarr store on the local filesystem with the new chunking. We can check that it worked by re-loading from disk using xarray.open_dataset and checking that the chunks are the same:

ds = xr.open_dataset(
    "rechunked_air_temperature.zarr", chunked_array_type="cubed", chunks={}
)
assert ds.chunks == rds.chunks